Any country has the right to accept licenses from any other country. For European countries (+ non European countries that added it to their rules) CEPT recommendations TR 61-01 and TR 61-02 make rules for that. Basically, this allows me to go to every other participating country and operate my radio (TR 61-01) without paperwork using the countries prefix in front of my call. As an example: M/DC7IA. I can also apply for a permanent license in that country (TR 61-02) if I want to.
So this basically means every country can license everyone, but you can only operate in countries that recognize the license. If someone holds a license from a CEPT country, that means he or she can operate in a lot of countries.
InCell VR [License]
I personally took my US license for both, a sort of personal satisfaction and the possibility of using it from the US (already did). I guess most of the Italians holding a US call does that for the pure pleasure of holding it and having achieved such an accomplishment. Some do frequently travel to the US for both work or leisure and use it from time to time (know a friend whose son lives in TX).
Did you know that Thailand has the third highest number of hams in the world, only Japan and the US having more? BUT the vast majority of those hams (99.71%) have NO HF privileges. On May 12, 2012 the first exam in nearly eight years was given for the Thai intermediate license which provides those HF privileges. It has been much harder for a native Thai ham to get on HF than for expats coming to Thailand from the US and nine European countries that have reciprocal licensing agreements with Thailand. The Thai natives could not sit for an exam in their own country, but the expats only had to mail in a copy of their US (or UK, German, Swiss, etc) ticket along with a copy of their passport and they would get a Thai intermediate license in a matter of weeks or months.
No one is circumventing Thai licensing procedures. Thailand has two legal and accepted procedures for getting a Thai ticket. (1) Pass their own test (in the Thai language) and a person will get a Thai call sign. The catch with this is they very rarely (once in eight years) schedule any actual tests. (2) They also accept that hams licensed through the testing procedure authorized by the US (and nine other countries in Europe) are sufficiently informed as hams for the Thai authorities to trust them with a Thai license too. Send in the necessary paperwork and they will issue a Thai call sign. Those are their two procedures, no circumvention of any kind is involved.
Dan, things are not much better here in Germany. I know a local (non US) VE that successfully got his wife through all exams up to extra. The lovely lady would not be able to distinguish a capacitor from an inductor or even complete a single sentence in English without spelling errors. As the US exam is recognized by the German authorities it was exchanged for a full German license too. This sucks for people that spent a lot of effort and time learning the math and taking the text.
The NBTC has just allowed Thais to get the Intermediate classe license the last 2 years to give hams choices. You must be able to listen to Morse Code or understand English enough. Thai VEs had shown their quility and honest enough to gain respect from NBTC. (I was in the discussion about this.)
By the way, I was intermediate class before getting general license. I am now in the first group who pass the very first Advance Class exam. License is not issued yet. (You can see how much we are behind you.)
Actually in the case of Thailand, the administration does know about it, and in fact E21EIC and his VE group have conducted US exams at the NBTC headquarters. One of the problems that many countries have had is that those officials who were familiar with Amateur Radio matters have retired and have been replaced by experts in cell phone technology and frequency assignments, satellite control and the like. They have trouble assembling a group of experienced examiners to run Amateur Radio exams, so they are pleased when the local hams find ways to allow an orderly process to exist whereby hams can upgrade their license status anyway.
In the case of hams at club station ET3AA in Ethiopia, which has received support from the Yasme Foundation over the years, K3LP and his VE group were able to give a number of operators there examinations which allowed some of them to obtain their US licenses, and even though the Ethiopian administration would not give individual Ethiopian licenses to those who obtained their US licenses, the fact that they had US licenses recently enabled some of those who were so licensed to operate from Austria and Estonia during summer ham gatherings in those countries.
And those that used the Technician to Advanced loop hole were allowed to keep their Advanced license until the renewal which gave them an option to upgrade appropriately or have to step back to the appropriate level.
Then to the comment easier to get a Technicin license than a foundation license. Well the only real difference is the Australian licensing has a practical test which shows an understanding of safe setup and operating of an Amateur station. The other misconception is that for Australia you can take any test alone if you think you can pass such as Advanced as a single test and get your Advanced license which differs greatly from FCC requirement f having to take Element 2, 3 & 4 to get Extra, so easier to get Foundation, likely based on the lack of practical exam, easier to get Standard or Advanced in Australia, certainly not with only needing to take a single exam not multiple exams.
The scientists, who reported their findings in Nucleic Acids Research, devised a sophisticated experimental platform for studying the process called "origin licensing." Cells use this process to regulate, or "license" the replication of their genomes during cell division.
Origin licensing occurs in the initial, preparatory phase of cell replication, known as the G1 phase. It involves sets of special enzymes that attach to the DNA in chromosomes at various locations where DNA-copying is to originate. The enzymes essentially license the copying of DNA so that cells don't copy their genomes more than once.
This finding hinted, at least, that in dividing cells with an abnormally shortened G1 phase, the more compacted DNA in the cell genome might never be fully licensed for replication, potentially resulting in large mutations during replication and even cell death. Confirming this possibility, the researchers found that when they artificially shortened the G1 phase in test cells, there was significantly more under-replication and DNA damage in heterochromatin regions of the cells' genomes, compared to the euchromatin regions.
The company acquired an exclusive worldwide license of intellectual property from the KU Center for Technology Commercialization, at the University of Kansas, for the development and commercial rights of VR/AI Neuro.
How to cite this article: Chung, D. K. C. et al. Perinuclear tethers license telomeric DSBs for a broad kinesin- and NPC-dependent DNA repair process. Nat. Commun. 6:7742 doi: 10.1038/ncomms8742 (2015).
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*Study 1 was a randomized, observer-blind, multicenter study in children 6 months through 3 years of age. The solicited safety population consisted of 2348 subjects who received FLUCELVAX QUADRIVALENT (N=1564) or a US-licensed quadrivalent influenza vaccine comparator (N=784).4 2ff7e9595c
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